UPSC

Mercantilism Vs Classical Vs Keynesian Economics: Explained

“When countries increase tariffs they not only seek to protect their industries but also to reignite age-old economic debates.” The recent increase in tariffs by the U.S. and the rise of protectionist policies around the world have rekindled open questions that economists have been debating for centuries: Should countries protect their markets at all costs? […]

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Reservations in India

Reservations in India : History, Judgements, and Article 15

Introduction “Equality before the law is a constitutional guarantee, but do we understand equality as treating everyone equally or is it really about elevating those who are disadvantaged?“ This is the fundamental question underlying Article 15 of the Constitution of India. It is the third provision which provides for an absolute prohibition of discrimination on

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Article 14 of Indian Constitution: Right to Equality

Introduction “Be you ever so high, the law is above you.” – Lord Denning Article 14 of the Indian Constitution enshrines the principle that equality forms the foundation of democracy. It directs that the law must treat all persons—powerful or ordinary, Indian or foreign—the same within the territory of India. Consequently, It protects people from

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The 130th Amendment Bill, 2025 — Reform or Political Weapon?

Introduction On August 20, 2025, Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah introduced the Constitution (One Hundred and Thirtieth Amendment) Bill, 2025 in Parliament. Consequently, The bill represents a bold and contentious step in the history of the Constitution of India, as it looks to bring a measure of political accountability. The Bill proposes that if

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