Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)

Twin Shields of Rights: Article 13 and the Basic Structure Doctrine

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“The Constitution is not a mere lawyers’ document, it is a vehicle of life.” – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar When we discuss Fundamental Rights, the common question asked is:Who really does the protection besides Indian Judiciary- Article 13 or the Basic Structure Doctrine? The truth is that India has a two-pronged protective system in its Constitution: […]

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Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution

Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution – A UPSC Guide

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The Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution represent the elemental freedoms entitled to every citizen to protect dignity, equality, and freedom. Stored in Part III (Articles 12-35), the rights allow citizens to be shielded from arbitrary state actions and are the substance of Indian democracy. Today, there are six Fundamental Rights available in India

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