UPSC

Articles 31A, 31B, and 31C

Articles 31A, 31B, and 31C: Balancing Property Rights, Socialism, and Judicial Review in India

Introduction “The fundamental rights must harmonize with the directive principles — for liberty without equality can be hollow, and property without justice can be tyranny.”— Jawaharlal Nehru, during debates on the First Constitutional Amendment, 1951 When enacted, the Indian Constitution gave the Right to Property as a Fundamental Right, under Articles 19(1)(f) and 31, ensuring […]

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Nobel Prize 2025: Lessons for India’s Fight Against Air Pollution

Introduction Once again, the air quality in Delhi has become dangerously toxic. For years, bans and campaigns to improve air quality have been unsuccessful, as the city’s winter smog continues to push the Air Quality Index (AQI) beyond 400 (“very poor” or “severe”) and put public health at serious risk. This year was no different,

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Cultural and educational rights

T.M.A. Pai to AMU: Evolution of Cultural and Educational Rights in India

India: A Mosaic of Identities “Our Constitution doesn’t merely protect the voice of the majority. It protects the music of every smaller note in the great symphony of India.”— Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, Chief Justice of India India is not simply a nation, it is a civilizational mosaic, a glorious tapestry made of thousands of languages,

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Article 21 of the Indian constitution

Article 21 of the Indian constitution: Euthanasia, Privacy, and the Due Process of Law

Introduction: The Heart of the Constitution Dr. B. R. Ambedkar referred to Article 21 as the “heart of the Constitution,” which is a living provision that infuses life into the entire structure of Fundamental Rights. Article 21 is the most interpreted and judicially expanded article in Indian jurisprudence and affects every dimension of human existence,

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Article 20 of the Indian Constitution

Article 20 of the Indian Constitution: Shielding Justice through Due Process

Introduction: ARTICLE 20 of the Indian Constitution “It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.” — William Blackstone No legal principle better captures the spirit of justice in this way. The idea that fairness must be uppermost to retribution captures the spirit of Article 20 of the Constitution of India.

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