UPSC

Securities Transaction Tax (STT)

Securities Transaction Tax (STT)– Meaning, Budget Change & Market Impact

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Introduction Taxes heavily impact financial markets because they control market activities and influence how investors act. The recent drop in the share market following the government’s announcement of the Union Budget has increased concerns from investors regarding their transaction costs as a result of an increase in the Securities Transaction Tax (STT) on Future transactions […]

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FRBM Act

FRBM Act , 2003: Background, Provisions and Significance for UPSC

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Introduction India’s experience as a developing economy has shown that high fiscal deficits and rising public debt can fuel inflation, push up interest rates, and hinder long-term growth. To avoid fiscal mismanagement and ensure macroeconomic stability, a rules-based framework for fiscal discipline became essential. The Constitution, under Article 112, mandates that the Annual Financial Statement

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Ocean Currents

Ocean Currents: Causes, Types and Global Distribution for UPSC

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Introduction “Ocean currents are the great regulators of Earth’s climate, redistributing heat and energy across the planet.”— W.M. Davis, Geologist and Geomorphologist The continuous movement of ocean water on a large scale (ocean currents) transports heat, moisture and nutrients throughout the globe.The ocean’s effects can be seen indirectly in the weather and climate of the

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UNFCCC and the U.S. Withdrawal

UNFCCC and the U.S. Withdrawal: Implications for Global Climate Governance

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Introduction The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is one of the principal pillars of global climate governance through which international cooperation on climate change is institutionalised. As the foundational framework for collective climate action, it laid the legal and institutional basis for multilateral responses to climate change. By providing a permanent negotiation

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