January 2026

POCSO Act

POCSO Act 2012 UPSC: Key Provisions & SC Debate

Introduction-POCSO Act India has seen an increase in the number of reported cases of sexual crimes committed against children in the decade leading up to 2012. The law in place to protect children from sexual offenders at the time (the IPC of 1860) did not adequately describe what constituted a sexual crime against children and […]

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UNFCCC and the U.S. Withdrawal

UNFCCC and the U.S. Withdrawal: Implications for Global Climate Governance

Introduction The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is one of the principal pillars of global climate governance through which international cooperation on climate change is institutionalised. As the foundational framework for collective climate action, it laid the legal and institutional basis for multilateral responses to climate change. By providing a permanent negotiation

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Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility for UPSC: Supreme Court and Wildlife Conservation

Introduction The Supreme Court of India made an important ruling concerning environmental issues, broadening the definition of Corporate Social Responsibility to include a corporation’s obligation to protect ecosystems. The Court stated that it is impossible to separate a corporation’s economic activity from its environmental responsibilities. The Supreme Court identified several aspects of corporate responsibility for

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Interior of the Earth: Layers, Seismic Waves and UPSC Relevance

With the growing demand for Rare Earth Materials (REMs) like Neodymium, Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium and their Metallic counterparts, it has become more important than ever to understand the Earth Interior. The Earth’s interior is defined as the expansive geographic location of the Earth that extends from the Earth’s surface an average depth of approximately

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